What is the first step in a primary survey of an unconscious patient?

The first step in a primary survey of an unconscious patient is to check for an open airway. This is crucial because an obstructed airway can prevent oxygen from reaching the lungs, which is vital for survival. If the airway is not clear, efforts to assess breathing or circulate blood through CPR would be ineffective, as these actions rely on a patent airway to allow oxygen exchange. Ensuring that the airway is open can also help assess the patient's breathing and overall condition more accurately.

In emergency situations, rapid evaluation of the airway often dictates subsequent lifesaving measures. This step is fundamental in the sequence of care provided during a primary survey, following the principles of the ABCs (Airway, Breathing, Circulation) in medical emergencies. Establishing a clear airway allows healthcare providers to proceed with further assessments and interventions effectively.