If the mA is increased while kVp and exposure time are kept constant, how will the radiograph appear?

When the milliampere-seconds (mA) is increased while keeping the kilovolt peak (kVp) and exposure time constant, the radiograph will appear darker. This happens because increasing the mA results in an increase in the number of x-ray photons produced during the exposure. Essentially, more radiation is delivered to the film or sensor, which leads to a greater degree of exposure in the emulsion of the film or detector element.

A darker radiograph indicates that more x-rays have penetrated the object being imaged and reached the film, causing more blackening. In photographic terms, this is similar to increasing the amount of light hitting a photographic film, resulting in a darker image. Therefore, since the higher mA directly correlates with increased radiation reaching the film, the correct answer is that the radiograph will appear darker.